Desempleo, estrategias de coping y diferencias debidas al sexo
Resumen
Artículo publicado en abril de 1995.
El presente trabajo tiende a clarificar las interrelaciones entre el empleo de estrategias de coping frente al estrés provocada por el desempleo y las diferencias debidas al sexo. La verificación empírica se efectuó con una muestra de 232 adultos desempleados, en proceso de búsqueda de un nuevo empleo. Se analizaron separadamente los estilos de coping de 135 hombres y 97 mujeres, a la luz de un conjunto de reactivos psicológicos. El Análisis de Factores Principales (rotación Varimax) indicó algunas diferencias importantes en el tipo de estrategias de coping empleadas por hombres y mujeres frente a la situación de estrés por desempleo. Entre las mujeres se detectaron tres estrategias de coping bien definidas: coping social asertivo y razonado, coping lábil e inseguro y coping pasivo. Entre los hombres se detectaron cuatro estrategias: coping social, coping lábil no efectivo, coping activo o de enfrentamiento del problema, coping ineficaz. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser de aplicación práctica en los campos de la salud publica, psicología organizacional, comunitaria, clínica y social.
Summary
The present paper aims to clarify some of the interrelations between personal coping resources with unemployment stress and sex differences. A sample was taken of 232 unemployed people seeking jobs and coping stiles were analised separately for 135 men and 97 women. Principal Factor Analysis (varimax Rotation) showed some important differences between men and women. A 3- factor solution appeared to be more useful for females whose coping strategies were: social assertive and reflective coping, passive coping, labil and unsecure coping. A 4 - factor solution was identified for men: social coping, labil and un effective coping, active coping and unefficacious coping. These findings could have practical application in the fields of public helth, organizational, community, clinical and social psychology.
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