Desarrollo y validación del inventario del modelo demandas-control-apoyo
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como propósito desarrollar y validar preliminarmente un instrumento para medir la tensión laboral, basada en el modelo demandas-control-apoyo (MDCA) de Karasek. A pesar de que el MDCA es paradigmático, en Puerto Rico no existe un instrumento que lo mida. Un total de 605 personas empleadas que trabajaban al menos 20 horas a la semana y que tuviesen 21 años de edad o más, participaron en el estudio. Se desarrollaron 43 reactivos en total para medir las tres escalas y sus respectivas dimensiones: (1) demandas laborales – psicológicas, emocionales y físicas, (2) control laboral – autonomía y destrezas, y (3) apoyo social – compañeros y supervisión. Se realizaron análisis de reactivos individuales por cada una de las diferentes dimensiones de las escalas. Se realizaron varios análisis de factores exploratorios y un análisis de factores confirmatorio usando el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para examinar la estructura interna del inventario. Se estableció la confiabilidad de las dimensiones y escalas del inventario mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y se crearon normas preliminares para interpretar las puntuaciones. Los resultados de los análisis de factores, en especial el confirmatorio, apoyan la estructura interna tridimensional jerárquica, mientras que los coeficientes de confiabilidad fluctuaron entre .63 a .95. De esta forma, los resultados parecen indicar que el instrumento creado es válido y confiable para medir la tensión laboral basada en el MDCA de Karasek.
Recibido: 27/06/2016 Aceptado: 29/07/2016
Cómo citar este artículo: Rosario-Hernández. E., & Rovira, L. (2014). Desarrollo y validación del inventario del modelo demandas-control-apoyo. Revista Interamericana de Psicología Organizacional, 33(2), Págs. 108-127. doi: 10.21772/ripo.v33n2a03
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